Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) - Zambia (2007)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) z Zambia (2007)

	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001)	Zambia (2007)

Administrative divisions	-	9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 45.7% (male 2,633,578/female 2,608,714) 15-64 years: 51.9% (male 2,969,913/female 2,990,923) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 116,818/female 157,501) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), coffee; cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides
Airports	-	107 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 98 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 64 under 914 m: 29 (2007)
Area	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island	total: 752,614 sq km land: 740,724 sq km water: 11,890 sq km
Area - comparative	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	slightly larger than Texas
Background	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Recent geological explorations have indicated promising petroleum formations.	The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the [British] South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. The new president launched an anticorruption task force in 2002, but the government has yet to make a prosecution. The Zambian leader was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair.
Birth rate	-	40.78 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $2.309 billion expenditures: $2.486 billion (2006 est.)
Capital	-	name: Lusaka geographic coordinates: 15 25 S, 28 17 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical	tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Coastline	74.1 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	-	24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands	conventional long form: Republic of Zambia conventional short form: Zambia former: Northern Rhodesia
Death rate	-	21.46 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	-	$2.513 billion (2006 est.)
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador Carmen M. MARTINEZ embassy: corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues, Lusaka mailing address: P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka telephone: [260] (1) 250-955 FAX: [260] (1) 252-225
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Ambassador Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA chancery: 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719 FAX: [1] (202) 332-0826
Disputes - international	none	in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; 42,250 Congolese refugees in Zambia are offered voluntary repatriation in November 2006, most of whom are expected to return in the next two years; Angolan refugees too have been repatriating but 26,450 still remain with 90,000 others from other neighboring states in 2006
Economic aid - recipient	-	$945 million (2005)
Economy - overview	no economic activity	Despite progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economic growth in 2005-06 remained somewhat below the 6-7% per year needed to reduce poverty significantly. Privatization of government-owned copper mines relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. Copper output has increased steadily since 2004, due to higher copper prices and the opening of new mines. The maize harvest was good again in 2005, helping to boost GDP and agricultural exports. Cooperation continues with international bodies on programs to reduce poverty, including a new lending arrangement with the IMF in the second quarter of 2004. A tighter monetary policy will help cut inflation, but Zambia still has a serious problem with high public debt.
Electricity - consumption	-	8.655 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	-	243 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	-	465 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	-	8.85 billion kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m	lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m highest point: unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
Environment - current issues	NA	air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	-	African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Exchange rates	-	Zambian kwacha per US dollar - 3,601.5 (2006), 4,463.5 (2005), 4,778.9 (2004), 4,733.3 (2003), 4,398.6 (2002)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: President Levy MWANAWASA (since 2 January 2002); Vice President Rupiah BANDA (since 9 October 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Levy MWANAWASA (since 2 January 2002); Vice President Rupiah BANDA (since 9 October 2006) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 28 September 2006 (next to be held in 2011); vice president appointed by the president election results: Levy MWANAWASA reelected president; percent of vote - Levy MWANAWASA 43.0%, Michael SATA 29.4%, Hakainde HICHILEMA 25.3%, Godfrey MIYANDA 1.6%, Winright NGONDO 0.8%
Exports	-	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	-	copper/cobalt 64%, cobalt, electricity; tobacco, flowers, cotton
Exports - partners	-	Switzerland 38.4%, South Africa 21.6%, China 10.3%, UK 7.6%, Tanzania 6.4% (2006)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used	green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 18% industry: 25.7% services: 56.3% (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	5.8% (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates	12 14 S, 123 05 E	15 00 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983	landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: 1.2% highest 10%: 38.8% (2004)
Illicit drugs	-	transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers; major consumer of cannabis
Imports	-	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	-	machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners	-	South Africa 47.3%, UAE 10.4%, Zimbabwe 5.7%, Norway 4% (2006)
Independence	-	24 October 1964 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	-	10.1% (2006 est.)
Industries	-	copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 100.71 deaths/1,000 live births male: 105.48 deaths/1,000 live births female: 95.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	9% (2006 est.)
International organization participation	-	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1993)	1,560 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)
Labor force	-	4.92 million (2006 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture: 85% industry: 6% services: 9% (2004)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 5,664 km border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand)	arable land: 6.99% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 92.97% (2005)
Languages	-	English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Legal system	the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply	based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	unicameral National Assembly (158 seats; 150 members are elected by popular vote, 8 members are appointed by the president, to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 28 September 2006 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MMD 72, PF 44, UDA 27, ULP 2, NDF 1, independents 2; seats not determined 2
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 38.44 years male: 38.34 years female: 38.54 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write English total population: 80.6% male: 86.8% female: 74.8% (2003 est.)
Location	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia	Southern Africa, east of Angola
Map references	Southeast Asia	Africa
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM	none (landlocked)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force	-
Military branches	-	Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Army, Air Force, Police, National Service
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1.8% (2005 est.)
National holiday	-	Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Nationality	-	noun: Zambian(s) adjective: Zambian
Natural hazards	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards	periodic drought, tropical storms (November to April)
Natural resources	fish	copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
Net migration rate	-	-2.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines	-	oil 771 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders	-	All Peoples Congress Party [Winright NGONDO]; Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Levy MWANAWASA]; National Democratic Focus or NDF; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Party of Unity for Democracy and Development or PUDD [Dan PULE]; Reform Party [Nevers MUMBA]; United Democratic Alliance or UDA; United Liberal Party or ULP [Sakwiba SIKOTA]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or ZADECO [Langton SICHONE]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.)	11,477,447 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	86% (1993)
Population growth rate	-	1.664% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	-
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (2001)
Railways	-	total: 2,157 km narrow gauge: 2,157 km 1.067-m gauge note: includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2006)
Religions	-	Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.993 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.742 male(s)/female total population: 0.994 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: facilities are aging but still among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa domestic: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms international: country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	94,700 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	949,600 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	-	9 (2001)
Terrain	low with sand and coral	mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Total fertility rate	-	5.31 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	50% (2000 est.)
Waterways	none	2,250 km (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers) (2005)

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